Guide To Megaloblastic Anemia Symptoms

Megaloblastic anemia is a rare condition in which the patient’s bone marrow produces abnormally large and structurally immature red blood cells. It can occur in either sex and affect patients of any racial or ethnic group. Megaloblastic anemia belongs to a class of disorders called the macrocytic anemias. While there are several different causes of megaloblastic anemia, the most common are nutritional deficiencies of either folate or vitamin B12. These vitamins help the body synthesize both DNA and some of the cells that eventually become blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia’s symptoms can resemble those of many other disorders. The doctor will likely start by taking a medical history and performing a physical to rule out some other possible causes. Next comes a complete blood count if any kind of anemia is suspected.

Get to know some of the symptoms of megaloblastic anemia to watch for now.

Swollen Tongue

Megaloblastic anemia typically develops slowly, and the patient may not display any symptoms immediately, or even for a few years in some cases. A swollen tongue is one symptom of megaloblastic anemia. Typically, a swollen tongue occurs in megaloblastic anemia when the cause is one of the previously mentioned vitamin deficiencies. When vitamin B12 deficiency, the most common, is behind it, the tongue also typically appears quite fiery red and is sore. It is possible for lesions to occur as well. Glossitis may also develop, which means the patient's swollen tongue is likely smooth and shiny.

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Numbness And Tingling

Neurological symptoms, such as numbness and tingling in the extremities (hands and feet), are quite common when it comes to megaloblastic anemia. The numbness and tingling is often the result of insufficient blood flow to the hands and feet, which is why these sensations are often paired along with cold hands and feet. Pale or blue-tinged fingers and toes may also appear due to the lack of oxygen in these body parts. When numbness and tingling present as symptoms of megaloblastic anemia, the patient likely also has hypotension (low blood pressure), as it and these symptoms are quite commonly seen together.

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