Unexpected Twists and Turn in the Aftermath of Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is one of medicine's most potent weapons against cancer, precisely targeting malignant cells with high-energy beams (like X-rays or protons) or tiny internal sources. Its goal is crucial: damage cancer cells' DNA so they can't grow or multiply. Used before surgery, after, or alongside other treatments like chemotherapy, it's a cornerstone of cancer care. While many patients anticipate common side effects like fatigue or skin changes, radiation's impact can sometimes go beyond the expected. Understanding the full range of possibilities, including the less common effects, is key to navigating treatment confidently. Let's explore 10 radiation therapy side effects that might catch you by surprise.

1. Fatigue

Patients undergoing radiation therapy as part of their treatment plan may experience frequent fatigue, which has been described as a lack of energy and excessive tiredness. Fatigue typically begins as a side effect around a week following the patient's first radiation treatment. Fatigue due to radiation therapy may be unpleasant and frustrating. However, it is a sign the body is doing what it is supposed to do. Radiation therapy not only damages and destroys the cancer cells, but it also has this effect on the healthy cells around the cancerous cells. Radiation therapy does not always kill cells immediately. It often causes cellular DNA damage that renders the cells to be unable to divide and grow. An affected individual's body makes its best attempt at repairing the damage the radiation beams have caused to the healthy cells. The body requires an abundant source of energy to carry out such processes. It will allocate energy from other structures in the body to the site where it is attempting to heal these damaged tissues. This mechanism is what causes patients undergoing radiation therapy to feel fatigued and tired.

2. Loss Of Appetite

It is not uncommon for a patient undergoing radiation therapy as part of their treatment to experience loss of appetite. Appetite loss begins during the first few weeks of radiation therapy and may persist after the treatment ends. Patients having radiation therapy close to their neck and head are more likely to experience loss of appetite. This is because the cellular damage inflicted on healthy cells in these regions can result in taste and smell alterations. An individual may feel that many types of food are no longer appealing because they cannot smell or taste properly. Other mechanisms play a role in appetite loss precipitated by radiation therapy. Nausea and vomiting are common occurrences in patients receiving radiation therapy. They can cause individuals to be unable to consume food regularly. Radiation therapy can also damage the tissues responsible for the production of saliva and fluids. This can result in dry mouth, sore mouth, and issues swallowing food.