What Causes Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis?

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic form of anemia, and patients with this disorder do not have enough red blood cells to properly transport oxygen around the body. Common symptoms include swelling of the hands and feet, retinal damage, and episodes of severe pain that typically require hospitalization. Sickle cell anemia damages many organs in the body, including the spleen, kidneys, and liver. The damage to the kidneys from this condition may be a trigger for secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Patients are particularly vulnerable to pneumonia and other infections, and they may also experience leg ulcers, gallstones, pulmonary hypertension, and acute chest syndrome. To reduce the risk of organ damage and other serious complications, patients with sickle cell anemia will be monitored closely throughout their lives. Blood tests can be used to measure the function of the kidneys and other organs, and patients can use medications to reduce pain and minimize the likelihood of hospitalization.

Inherited Abnormal Genes

Inherited abnormal genes have been identified as a cause in an especially rare form of glomerulosclerosis known as genetic or familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Doctors normally suspect this type of the disease if a patient has several immediate or extended family members with symptoms of glomerulosclerosis. The condition can also develop in children whose parents are carriers. While the carriers do not have symptoms themselves, each parent (carrier) has an abnormal gene they then pass to their child. Researchers are currently investigating new genes that may play a role in this condition, and doctors can offer genetic testing for concerned patients and their families. Patients who choose to have this testing will often have genetic counseling before and after the test. If familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is identified, patients will be offered support services and other resources.