Metformin Unveiled: 10 Essential Side Effects You Need to Know

3. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Long-Term Risk

Long-term use of metformin has been linked to vitamin B12 deficiency. This vitamin is essential for nerve function and red blood cell production. Metformin may interfere with vitamin B12 absorption in the intestines, leading to deficiency over time. Symptoms of deficiency include fatigue, weakness, numbness, and memory problems. Regular monitoring of vitamin B12 levels is recommended for long-term metformin users, especially those with dietary restrictions or other risk factors for deficiency. Supplementation can effectively manage or prevent deficiency. Awareness and proactive management are key to preventing the neurological and hematological complications associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.

4. Hypoglycemia: A Balancing Act

While metformin itself does not typically cause hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, the risk increases when it is used in combination with other diabetes medications such as insulin or sulfonylureas. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include shakiness, sweating, dizziness, and confusion. It is crucial for patients to recognize these symptoms and know how to respond, typically by consuming fast-acting carbohydrates. Regular blood glucose monitoring and careful medication management can help prevent hypoglycemic events. Educating patients on the signs and management of hypoglycemia is an essential aspect of diabetes care, ensuring that metformin’s benefits are maximized without compromising safety.