11 Early Warning Signs Of Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome may be rare, but its symptoms can quietly disrupt daily life if left undiagnosed. Most often seen in middle-aged women, this condition—also known as Paterson-Brown Kelly Syndrome—was first identified over a century ago. Historically, it was more common in countries like Sweden before iron fortification became widespread, and today, it remains more prevalent in regions like India, where it affects both men and women equally. This condition is closely linked to iron deficiency anemia and can lead to difficulty swallowing due to thin membranes called esophageal webs. Because its symptoms are often subtle or mistaken for unrelated issues, early detection is essential. That’s why we’ve expanded our list to include 11 key warning signs that may indicate Plummer-Vinson Syndrome. From nail changes to swallowing difficulties, here’s what to watch for—and when to talk to your doctor.

1. Painful And Difficult Swallowing

Painful and difficult swallowing is one of the classic symptoms of this syndrome, and it is usually caused by the strictures or webs that form in the esophagus. In Plummer-Vinson syndrome, the webs and strictures are generally present in the upper part of the esophagus. The majority of the swallowing difficulties associated with this syndrome tend to come and go in the early stages, and they are usually painless at that time. Painful swallowing starts as the esophageal webs grow in size. While swallowing troubles tend to occur only with solid foods, patients who do not have their swallowing issues addressed could go on to develop difficulties with swallowing liquids too. Patients with swallowing troubles may experience unintentional weight loss that could lead to more serious health issues. When assessing swallowing problems, doctors will ask the patient about when these occur and whether they occur with specific foods. Patients may need to have x-rays, barium swallow tests, or other imaging studies to determine the severity of the issues and check for the presence of esophageal strictures or other abnormalities. Endoscopic dilation and argon plasma coagulation therapy may be recommended in cases of persistent swallowing trouble.