How To Treat Popcorn Lung

Popcorn lung, which is medically known as bronchiolitis obliterans, is a relatively rare non-cancerous lung disease. The condition scars and inflames the bronchioles, the smallest airways within the lungs. One of the major causes of popcorn lung is the inhalation of harmful chemicals used in making popcorn and other foods, and the disease earned its name after workers at popcorn plants were routinely sickened with this illness.

Symptoms of popcorn lung include coughing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. These occur regularly and often get worse over several weeks or months. Some patients may also experience fatigue, weight loss, eye and throat irritation, and flu-like symptoms. The disease can be diagnosed with a chest x-ray, CT scan, pulmonary function test, and a lung biopsy. Although popcorn lung is considered a progressive and incurable disease, symptoms can be managed with proper treatment. The methods described below are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of popcorn lung.

Avoid Harmful Chemicals

Popcorn lung is often contracted by factory workers and others routinely exposed to hazardous chemicals. Diacetyl is the chemical most commonly linked with the condition. Diacetyl is used in artificial butter flavoring for popcorn, caramel coloring, fruit drinks, and some dairy products. While safe to eat, it is very dangerous if inhaled. The chemical is also found in vaping liquids used in e-cigarettes. Patients should avoid smoking and vaping and may wish to limit their contact with secondhand smoke to avoid harmful chemicals. Workers who handle harmful chemicals should wear personal protective equipment such as gloves, protective suits, and masks as appropriate. They should also check their employer uses proper engineering controls and follows government regulations for safety.

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Antibiotics To Ease Inflammation

Antibiotics, which treat bacterial infections, are often one of the first lines of treatment for popcorn lung, and they help calm the inflammation associated with the condition. In the case of popcorn lung, macrolide antibiotics are most appropriate. They are typically prescribed for patients with this condition who also have an underlying bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Common types of macrolide antibiotics to ease inflammation include erythromycin, azithromycin, telithromycin, clarithromycin, and spiramycin. Potential side effects of macrolide antibiotics include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain. Some patients may also experience dizziness, indigestion, and skin rashes. Patients should report any side effects to their physicians, and if a side effect is particularly troublesome, an alternative antibiotic may be appropriate.

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