11 Options For Treating Barrett's Esophagus

9. Surveillance Biopsies

Surveillance biopsies are a vital part of managing Barrett’s esophagus, especially for detecting early changes that may signal a progression toward cancer. During an endoscopy, small tissue samples are taken from different segments of the esophagus and examined under a microscope for dysplasia—precancerous changes in cell structure. These biopsies are often scheduled at regular intervals based on the patient’s risk level and history. While it may seem routine, this proactive monitoring strategy allows physicians to catch cellular changes at the earliest, most treatable stage, playing a crucial role in cancer prevention.

10. Esophagectomy (for Advanced Cases)

Though typically reserved for severe or advanced cases, esophagectomy—the surgical removal of part or all of the esophagus—may be necessary if Barrett’s esophagus has progressed to high-grade dysplasia or early-stage esophageal cancer. This major surgery involves reconstructing the digestive tract, usually by pulling up a portion of the stomach to replace the removed section of the esophagus. While it's a more aggressive intervention, esophagectomy can be lifesaving and potentially curative when performed at the right stage. It's considered when other therapies are unlikely to be effective or when cancer is already present.