12 Surprising Causes of Spoon-Shaped Nails (Koilonychia)

9. Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, can lead to koilonychia through systemic inflammation and poor nutrient absorption. These conditions often cause inflammation in blood vessels and tissues, disrupting the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the nails. Additionally, patients with chronic inflammatory conditions may develop anemia of chronic disease, further contributing to nail abnormalities. Managing the underlying inflammatory condition with medication and dietary adjustments can help alleviate the symptoms of koilonychia over time.

10. Fungal Infections

Fungal infections of the nails, medically termed onychomycosis, can cause changes in nail structure, including koilonychia. Fungal infections often begin as discoloration or thickening of the nail and, if left untreated, may lead to severe deformities. The fungi invade the nail bed and matrix, disrupting the growth of healthy nail tissue. Individuals with compromised immune systems or diabetes are particularly susceptible to fungal infections. Treating the infection with antifungal medications can restore nail health and prevent further complications.