15 Causes And Risk Factors Linked To Multiple Sclerosis

9. Genetic Predisposition

MS doesn’t follow a strict hereditary pattern, but genetics do matter. Certain genes—especially those related to immune function like HLA-DRB1—have been linked to increased MS risk. If a first-degree relative has MS, your own risk is 10–20 times higher than the general population. That said, most people with a genetic predisposition never develop the disease, indicating that environmental and lifestyle triggers also play critical roles. Genetics load the gun, but environment pulls the trigger. Understanding your family history can help you stay alert to early symptoms and consider preventative strategies if risk factors overlap.

10. Adolescent Obesity

Obesity, especially during adolescence, may significantly raise the risk of developing MS later in life. Excess fat tissue produces inflammatory cytokines that can disturb normal immune function—potentially priming the body for autoimmune misfires. Additionally, obesity is often linked to lower vitamin D levels, compounding risk. Girls who are obese during their teenage years appear to have a particularly heightened vulnerability. This connection has prompted new research into how metabolic and inflammatory pathways intersect with immune regulation. It's a reminder that MS risk isn’t just rooted in neurology—it can begin with lifestyle patterns long before the first symptom appears.