15 Causes And Risk Factors Linked To Multiple Sclerosis

13. Occupational or Environmental Toxin Exposure

Exposure to certain toxins—such as organic solvents, industrial chemicals, or heavy metals—may increase MS risk by altering immune regulation or damaging nervous system tissue directly. Some epidemiological studies have shown increased MS incidence in individuals working with petroleum products, in agriculture, or near industrial waste sites. These exposures may not act alone but instead amplify risk in genetically predisposed individuals. While more research is needed, this connection highlights the importance of workplace protections and environmental health. If you’ve had chronic exposure to toxins and start developing neurological symptoms, it’s worth flagging to your healthcare provider.

14. Hormonal Changes and Pregnancy

Hormonal fluctuations appear to play a role in how MS manifests, particularly in women. Many female patients report fewer relapses during pregnancy—especially in the third trimester—followed by a spike in disease activity postpartum. Estrogen and progesterone are thought to have protective effects on the nervous system and may reduce inflammation. These observations are prompting new studies into hormone-based MS therapies. Additionally, women with irregular menstrual cycles or conditions like PCOS may have a slightly altered risk profile. MS doesn’t just affect the nervous system—it intersects with hormonal rhythms in powerful and still unfolding ways.