Causes, Risk Factors, And Complications Of Giardiasis

Poor Hygiene Practices

Proper hygiene is one of the most important steps that can be taken to prevent and control giardiasis. Poor hygiene practices greatly contribute to the spread of the disease in high-risk areas, particularly in locations where access to adequate bathroom facilities and cleaning materials is reduced or unavailable. In daycare centers, nursing homes, and private homes where diapers are handled, handlers should disinfect changing tables and use hand sanitizer on their hands before and after diapers are changed. Ideally, a separate disposal facility, such as a separate trash can, should be used for diapers. When cloth diapers are used, they should be washed separately from other clothing to avoid cross-contamination.

Bathroom door handles and surfaces are a primary site of transmission, so these need to be regularly cleaned. Hygiene practices should extend to food as well, ensuring it is properly cooked and any raw vegetables are thoroughly washed before eating. In particular, meat needs to be well-done and not served rare or otherwise under-cooked. Individuals known to have giardiasis should wear gloves when preparing food for themselves and others to avoid spreading the infection, and kitchen surfaces need to be thoroughly cleaned.

International Travel

International travel could increase a patient's risk of contracting giardiasis, particularly if they are traveling to a country where the illness is especially prevalent. Rates of infection with giardiasis tend to be high in developing nations that lack regular access to safe drinking water. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated thirty-three percent of individuals who live in developing countries have had giardiasis at some point in their lives. The rate of infection in developed countries is roughly two percent for the adult population. Patients planning to travel internationally should talk with their primary care doctor about ways in which they could minimize their personal risk of this infection; this is especially important for individuals who have chronic health conditions. All travelers should ensure they are up to date on any vaccinations recommended for the area they are visiting. During the trip, patients need to ensure they follow proper procedures for water and food safety, and it is beneficial to know how to access medical care while abroad.