Signs And Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

Frequent Urinary Tract Infections

Frequent urinary tract infections can be a sign of diabetes mellitus. A recurrent urinary tract infection is defined as three instances of the infection within twelve months, or two within six months. Recurrent urinary tract infections tend to happen because an individual has a persistent infection or became reinfected. Reinfection involves an infection eradicated through treatment, and then the same pathogen or a new pathogen moves into the urinary tract and creates a new infection. Persistence occurs when treatment didn't fully clear the original infection. Studies indicate he urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetes patients are more common, have worse outcomes, and are more severe. There are a number of reasons for this including impairments to the immune system, poor regulation of the body's metabolism, and incomplete emptying of the bladder because of autonomic neuropathy.

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Dry Mouth

Dry mouth occurs when there's a lack of saliva in an individual's mouth. Saliva is necessary to control bacteria and wash away acid and food surrounding the teeth and gums. Persistent dry mouth can lead to gingivitis, irritation around the corners of the mouth, and fungal or yeast infections on the cheeks and tongue. Diabetes patients have a higher susceptibility to yeast infections and dry mouth because their saliva and blood both have high glucose levels. The condition can also be caused by dehydration, smoking, and certain medications. The best way to treat diabetes-related dry mouth is by monitoring blood sugar, brushing dentures or braces following each meal, staying hydrated, using a non-alcoholic mouthwash, and using lip balm for mouth irritation.

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