Guide To The Symptoms Of Dystonia

Twisting Of The Torso

Individuals with generalized dystonia often present with twisting of the torso. The twisted posture of the torso might occur only during muscle spasms. However, some patients develop abnormal postures of the torso that remain fixed. Patients with changes to the posture of their torso could also experience rapid, rhythmic jerks (myoclonic jerks). To properly evaluate generalized dystonia and posture, the patient may need to have a neurological examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. Twisting of the torso may be reduced through treatment with oral medications, and patients who undergo deep brain stimulation could experience a significant improvement in this symptom as well. Physical therapy and occupational therapy may be suggested in certain cases.

Posture Deformities

Posture deformities are typically seen with generalized dystonia, and they can also occur with cervical dystonia and task-specific dystonia. For example, patients with generalized dystonia may have a twisted posture due to muscle spasms and contractures in the limbs and torso, and one of the feet might be turned at an unusual angle. In cases of cervical dystonia, it is common for the head and neck to pull to one side. Patients with task-specific dystonia may exhibit posture deformities while performing certain tasks. Musicians with a form of task-specific dystonia called musician's cramp may notice their fingers stick or curl, and their knuckles might lock into a fixed position. To manage the posture abnormalities caused by dystonia, doctors may recommend a combination of oral medicines, injections, and physical therapy. Botulinum toxin injections can help minimize muscle spasms and posture changes in localized areas.

Levodopa, an oral medication, is often the first line of treatment for generalized dystonia and other types of dystonia that benefit from oral medication. If this medicine is ineffective, trihexyphenidyl and other anticholinergic medicines might be used to reduce tremors and spasms. Clonazepam, tetrabenazine, and baclofen could help relax the muscles as well. Patients might need to try a combination of several different medicines to manage their symptoms. Since the postural abnormalities caused by dystonia can sometimes be painful, patients might be prescribed pain relievers, and a consultation with a pain management specialist could be beneficial. Doctors may consider deep brain stimulation for patients with severe cases of generalized dystonia. If the treatment is successful, it can provide sustained relief from symptoms.