The Brain's SOS: 10 Early Warning Signs of Dementia You Can't Afford to Ignore

5. Difficulty Understanding Visual Images and Spatial Relationships

Struggling to read the menu at a favorite restaurant or having more frequent stumbles over steps might not just be “getting older.” Dementia often shows up as difficulty with depth perception, judging distances, or recognizing contrast—changes different from simple eyesight challenges that glasses fix. The CDC highlights that trouble reading, increased bumping into objects, or difficulty with color and spatial relationships during tasks like driving are early signs to recognize. Regular eye exams are important, but if these issues persist after addressing ordinary vision problems, take note. Support can come from environmental changes, like adding contrast to stairways and labeling frequently-used items. Adapting your environment is a sign of wisdom, not weakness, and helps everyone enjoy daily activities with greater ease and safety.

6. New Problems With Words in Speaking or Writing

Having a word “on the tip of your tongue” happens to everyone, but dementia can make finding the right words—or following and joining conversations—a much more common struggle. People may repeat themselves several times in the same discussion, lose their train of thought, or have trouble naming familiar objects. The Alzheimer’s Association points out that this symptom isn’t about nerves or occasional embarrassment; it’s frequent and can interfere with social gatherings or personal expression. If you notice more pauses, substitutions (“that thing” instead of “remote control”), or challenges with written notes and emails, take it as a gentle nudge to ask for support. Practicing patience, slowing down conversation pace, and using reminders can make communication smoother for everyone. Social connection still matters, even when words play hard to get—a supportive atmosphere goes a long way.