The Different Body Parts Insulin Stimulates

2. Sodium Reabsorption

Insulin is needed to balance the excretion of sodium and the volume of fluid in urine. Sodium transport is an important part of regulating blood pressure and sodium reabsorption. Although there are several regulators involved in the process of sodium transport, insulin is one of the most important as it is a potent enhancer of sodium reabsorption. Although insulin has vasodilatory properties, meaning that it widens blood vessels, these effects may be altered when insulin resistance or high blood sugar is present, which contributes to high blood pressure.

1. Enhance Cognitive Function

Insulin is one of the few hormones that cross the blood-brain barrier, which is needed for protection from chemicals and other toxins. Insulin also widely affects the brain as it controls the amount of glucose that is sent to the brain. Proper insulin levels are needed to enhance memory and learning. According to a 2014 study, insulin in the brain contributes to nutrient homeostasis, cognitive, reproduction, and memory, as well as neuroprotective, neuromodulatory, and neurotrophic effects. When these effects and functions become altered, it may lead to insulin resistance, type two diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease.