Common Risk Factors And Causes Of Cavities

Plaque

Plaque or dental biofilm is an accumulation of bacteria on teeth. This sticky film on teeth can contain millions of bacteria that can directly cause gum disease and tooth decay. Dental biofilm can be difficult to see because it's colorless although heavy deposits may be visible and look like a thick white deposit or food on the teeth. Everyone develops a biofilm because bacteria are always growing and forming in the mouth. Bacteria use saliva, starches, and sugar to multiply.

When this biofilm isn't entirely removed by brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, which makes it harder to floss and brush effectively at the gum line. Eventually, the gums can become swollen, red, and bleed when you brush, which is often gingivitis or early gum disease. The biofilm also causes cavities when the acids in the film attach teeth when individuals eat, which eventually wears down the tooth enamel. Plaque is the leading cause of cavities and gum disease, but it can be prevented. Brushing and flossing regularly helps dislodge the biofilm from the surface of the teeth. Patients can also limit starchy, sugary foods and schedule regular dental cleanings.

Medical Conditions

Many medical conditions are linked with an increased risk of cavities, and one of the most common is acid reflux. Even with good oral hygiene, acid reflux can cause damage to the teeth because the reflux of acid into the esophagus eventually reaches the mouth. When stomach acids regularly wash over the teeth, it leads to enamel loss. Approximately one out of four patients with acid reflux also have tooth erosion. Autoimmune diseases like Sjogren's syndrome, which attacks the glands that produce tears and saliva, can also impact dental health. Dry mouth, which diabetes can cause, allows bacteria to grow out of control and attack the teeth. Even celiac disease, which damages the small intestine, can cause cavities. Along with gastrointestinal symptoms, celiac disease is responsible for tooth discoloration and defects in the enamel, which makes it easy for bacteria to attack the teeth and cause cavities.