Guide To The Conditions That Cause Hypopigmentation

Albinism

Albinism is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene that controls melanin production. As a result of this mutation, patients with albinism naturally produce less melanin than individuals without the condition. Experts estimate approximately one in twenty thousand individuals in the United States have some form of albinism. Patients with this condition often have pale white skin and hair, and some patients could also have reduced pigment in their irises. Since melanin is a contributor to the development of the optic nerve, patients with albinism generally experience vision and eye health issues. For example, they could have extreme nearsightedness or farsightedness, and they may display signs of nystagmus, sensitivity to light, and reduced visual acuity. Patients with albinism are also at an increased risk of skin cancer, and they need to follow sun safety precautions to reduce this risk. In particular, it is important to avoid sunburn, one of the major risk factors for skin cancer.

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Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic condition that can include periods of remission and flare-ups. The condition speeds up the typical life cycle of the skin, resulting in a rapid accumulation of extra skin cells on the skin's surface. These patches are generally scaly and dry, and they may sometimes bleed or become painful. These patches can be red, though they may also appear pale and silvery if they turn into hypopigmented patches. Patients might also experience joint pain or swelling. To manage psoriasis, patients may need to use topical corticosteroids or retinoids, and light therapy might be considered. Patients who have severe forms of psoriasis that have not responded to conservative treatments may be prescribed oral or injectable medication. Methotrexate, cyclosporine, and biologics such as apremilast or secukinumab could be recommended. Thioguanine or hydroxyurea may also be beneficial.

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