Side Effects Of Antidepressants

Constipation

Antidepressants are one of many types of medication that can cause constipation. It's important to have a bowel movement at least once every three days, as longer periods cause the stool to become more difficult to pass. Constipation most commonly occurs with tricyclic antidepressants. Though patients are less likely to experience constipation when taking SSRIs, they do have some potential for this side effect. The reason for the problem is related to a patient's acetylcholine levels. Tricyclic antidepressants block this neurotransmitter from acting, which leads to a slowing of the muscle contractions in the digestive tract. In addition, the secretions that help lubricate feces for easier passage become drier. The best ways to decrease constipation are to eat high-fiber foods, drink lots of water, and exercise regularly.

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Weight Gain

Weight gain is one of the most frequently reported side effects of antidepressants. It is most likely to occur in patients who take paroxetine, mirtazapine, sertraline, citalopram, duloxetine, escitalopram, or amitriptyline. Of these, mirtazapine and amitriptyline are associated with the most weight gain, and paroxetine carries the highest risk of weight gain. Studies show approximately twenty-five percent of patients using antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors will gain at least ten pounds on the medication. Weight gain is more likely to occur in individuals who have been using antidepressants for over six months. While weight gain is a potential side effect of the majority of antidepressants, patients who take fluoxetine or bupropion typically do not gain weight, and these medicines can even cause weight loss. If weight gain is troublesome, persistent, or severe, patients should speak to their physician about the possibility of switching to another antidepressant. It may be helpful to consult a nutritionist for advice on healthy meal planning and education about strategies that could minimize weight gain.

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