Warning Signs Of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1

Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands secrete too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). The parathyroid glands are small glands located on the outside borders of the thyroid gland in the front of the neck. The PTH secreted by the parathyroid glands is responsible for managing levels of phosphorous and calcium in an individual's blood, urine, and bones. Many different factors can cause the parathyroid glands to become overactive and produce too much PTH. Abnormally high levels of parathyroid hormone can cause a patient to have high calcium levels in their blood. Over time, too much calcium in the blood can result in the development of kidney damage or kidney stones. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patients usually develop tumors in their parathyroid glands and present with hyperparathyroidism before any other symptoms manifest. These tumors cause all four of the patient's parathyroid glands to become overactive. The overactive nature of the glands causes too much PTH to build up in the blood. Usually, the only way to treat hyperparathyroidism in individuals with MEN 1 is to remove all of the parathyroid glands.