Health Effects Of Oxidative Stress

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is characterized by narrowing and hardening of the cardiovascular arteries. This happens as a result of damage to the endothelium of the arteries or the inside arterial wall. Once there is damage to the endothelium, the plaque is able to deposit and begin to build up in the arteries. This causes numerous serious health issues because of the arterial blockages. When there is a blockage in the coronary arteries a heart attack can happen, and when there is a blockage in the carotid arteries can block blood flow to the brain, and a blockage in the renal arteries can cause failure of the kidneys. The process of oxidative stress causes an inflammatory response in the blood vessels, which causes damage to the arterial endothelium. The arterial inflammation also provides the blood cell buildup needed to form plaque. The process of oxidative stress aids in the facilitation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol conversion. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in this converted state is also a component of the plaque itself that causes atherosclerosis.

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Diabetes

Diabetes describes conditions characterized by problems with the hormone insulin. The pancreas is responsible for the release of insulin in order to help the body metabolize the glucose consumed. When the pancreas cannot produce insulin or when the body does not react normally to insulin, the condition is considered diabetes. Beta cells produce the hormone insulin. These specialized types of cells are considerably sensitive to oxidative stress. In type 1 diabetes, oxidative stress is said to cause the problematic destruction of these insulin-producing beta cells. Excessive oxidative stress can also trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes. Oxidative stress also plays a key role in causing a considerable increase in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is the primary cause of type 2 diabetes.

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