Key Warning Signs Of Meningitis

Confusion

Confusion may develop with any form of meningitis, and it typically occurs in advanced cases of the condition. Patients could become disoriented, and they may not know where they are, what day it is, or what time it is. They could have difficulty paying attention or concentrating, and confusion may progress to delirium. The patient could experience a sudden change in behavior, and they may not be able to understand what is happening. When the infection is confined to the meninges, the patient might only experience intermittent confusion and difficulty focusing.

Delirium and disorientation are more likely in cases where the infection has advanced beyond the meninges and into the brain itself. Known as encephalitis, a brain infection could cause the patient to experience lasting complications such as fatigue, reduced cognitive function, sleep disturbances, and vision changes. If a patient appears confused for any reason, they should be taken to the emergency room. Doctors can perform tests to check the patient's mental status, and imaging studies and a lumbar puncture may be performed if meningitis is suspected.

Muscle Pain

Muscle pain is an early symptom of meningitis, and it can occur with any form of the condition. Patients with muscle pain caused by meningitis could initially think they have the flu, and they usually report widespread soreness and tenderness over many areas of the body. Patients with the bacterial form of meningitis could experience back pain, and this often worsens while bending the legs close to the chest. Muscle pain associated with this condition could be present all the time, and it may increase with any change of posture or position.

Individuals with meningitis may notice their muscle pain occurs together with other early-stage symptoms such as a low fever of less than 100 degrees Fahrenheit, a loss of appetite, and nausea or vomiting. Patients with these symptoms should seek immediate medical care. Doctors may ask the patient questions about the location and nature of any muscle pain, and they could ask the patient to perform certain movements to check for pain or tenderness. For example, the patient may be asked to touch their chin to their chest, and the doctor may gently touch areas of reported pain to assess severity.